Manuscripts for submission to the Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine should be prepared according to the following instructions. The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine follows the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication prepared by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (http://www.icmje.org), if otherwise not described below.

This statements for the Association of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine members and contributors to the Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine are intended to ensure ethics and authenticity of studies by promoting studies and paper according to ethical procedure. For the policies on the research and publication ethics not stated in this instructions, ‘Good Publication Practice Guidelines for Medical Journals (http://kamje.or.kr/publishing_ethics.html, Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors, 2008), and 'Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication' (http://www.icmje.org, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, updated October 2007) can be applied.

1. Registration of the clinical research

Any research that deals with clinical trial should be registered to the primary national clinical trial registration site such as http://cris.cdc.go.kr/cris, or other sites accredited by WHO or International Committee of Medical Journal Editor.

2. Protection of human and animal rights

While reporting experiments that involve human subjects, it should be stated that the study was performed according to the Helsinki Declaration (adopted in 1964 and amended in 2008, http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/ index.html) and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) or the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the institution where the experiment was performed. A written informed consent should be obtained from all subjects. In the case of an animal study, a statement should be provided indicating that the experiment process, such as the breeding and the use of laboratory animals, was approved by the REC of the institution where the experiment was performed or that it does not violate the rules of the REC of the institution or the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources [ILAR], National Research Council (NRC), National Academic Press, 1996, pp. 125 www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/labrats/index.html). The authors should preserve raw experimental study data for at least 1 year after the publication of the paper and should present this data if required by the editorial board.

3. Author and authorship

An author is considered as an individual who has made substantive intellectual contributions to a published study and whose authorship continues to have important academic, social, and financial implications. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) has recommended the following criteria for authorship: (1) Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; (2) Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; (3) Final approval of the version to be published; and (4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Authors should meet criteria 1, 2, 3, and 4. These criteria are applicable to those journals that distinguish the authors from other contributors. The description of equal contribution, so-called co-first authors or co-corresponding authors, is allowed for up to two people. However, it should first be explicitly explained to the editor in the manuscript how the two authors’ contributions are equal and the editorial board's permission is needed. The editor may ask the contribution of each authors in the study if necessary.

4. Prevention of duplicate publication and copyright transfer agreement

Manuscripts are only accepted for publication in journals if they have not been published elsewhere. Manuscripts published, expected to publish, or reviewed in this journal should not be submitted for publication elsewhere. If the author(s) wishes to obtain a duplicate or secondary publication for various other reasons, such as for readers of a different language, he/she should obtain approval from the editors-in-chief of both the first and second journal. In this case, the authors must meet the conditions mentioned in Ann Intern Med 1997;12:36-47, e.g., they should comment on the duplicate or secondary publication in a footnote on the title page of the secondary version. Every author should sign the authorship responsibility and copyright transfer agreement form, attesting that he/she fulfills the authorship criteria. Authors are required to identify their contributions to the work described in the manuscript.

5. Protection of privacy, confidentiality, and written informed consent

The ICMJE (2008) has recommended the following statement for the protection of privacy, confidentiality, and written informed consent: The rights of patients should not be infringed without written informed consent. Identifying details such as name, registration number, or exact date should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and pedigrees unless it is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or his/her parents or guardian) provides written informed consent for publication. However, complete patient anonymity is difficult to achieve; therefore, informed consent should be obtained in the event that anonymity of the patient is not assured. For example, masking the eye region of patients in photographs is not adequate to ensure anonymity. If identifying characteristics are changed to protect anonymity, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort scientific meaning and editors should take note of this. When informed consent has been obtained, it should be indicated in the published article.

6. Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest exists when an author (or the author’s institution), reviewer, or editor has financial or personal relationships that inappropriately influence his/her actions (such relationships are also known as dual commitments, competing interests, or competing loyalties). All authors should disclose their conflicts of interest, i.e., (1) financial relationships (such as employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony), (2) personal relationship, (3) academic competition, and (4) intellectual passion. These conflicts of interest must be included as a footnote on the title page or in the acknowledgement section. Each author should certify the disclosure of any conflict of interest with his/her signature.

1. Publication types

The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine publishes invited original articles, review articles, case reports, clinical images, current opinions, comments, current clinical practices, and letters to editor. Invited review articles offer concise reviews of important subjects in Korean oriental pediatrics.

1. Original articles are papers containing the results of clinical or laboratory investigations, which are sufficiently well documented to be acceptable to critical readers. They include no more than 50 references.
2. Review articles are accepted after editorial evaluation, and published by appointed appropriate authorities. They should not normally exceed 2,500 words for the content and include no more than 30 references.
3. Case reports as well as brief communications deal with issues of importance to Korean oriental pediatric research. They should be written within 10 sheets of A4 paper, and include no more than 150 words of abstract and consideration, and 30 references. Case reports should have the following sequence: Title and Authors(affiliation and name), Abstract and Key words, Introduction, Case, Discussion, Conclusion (optional), Acknowledgement, References, Tables, and Figure legends. Discussion focuses on specific emphasizing part in the case and avoids lengthy review of references.
4. Clinical images have main purpose of education to deliver contents through pictures and legends. They should be written within 1/2 sheet of A4 paper, and include no more than 4 pictures, and 5 references.
5. Current opinions are described in individual opinions about general interests of Korean oriental pediatrics or specific trends of related field. They should be written within 4 sheets of A4 paper, and include no more than 5 references.
6. Comments are written about commissioned specific paper published in the Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine, and does not reflect the opinion of the Association of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine. They should be written within 4 sheets of A4 paper, and include no more than 10 references.
7. Current clinical practices are requested about the issue determined by the Editorial Board. They should be written within 4 sheets of A4 paper, and include no more than 5 references.
8. Letters to editor are described in constructive criticisms or comments about specific paper published in the Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine within 6 months. They should be written within 1 sheet of A4 paper, and include no more than 5 references.

2. Qualification as authors

The first author and corresponding author should be a member of the Association of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine. If there are not members, they should apply to membership before submission. However, there is an exception if Editorial Board admits.

3. Publication interval and receipt of manuscript

It is published quarterly in February 28th, May 31th, August 31th and November 30th. Supplemental issues are published occasionally according to decision of the Editorial Board with approval of the President. Manuscript can be received at any time. The manuscript that does not keep the instruction to authors may be rejected before review. Certificate of receipt of manuscript is issued to the first author or the corresponding author via http://akop.jams.or.kr

4. Ethics for the authors

1. The authors should try to state correctly when he/she cite the published academic materials. The source not belonging to a common sense should be identified clearly. The personal obtained data should be used after the consent of the providing researcher.
2. References such as other authors' articles and ideas are addressed separately for readers to know the previous studies and original datas and claims.
3. The authors should not use the non-existent data or finding.
4. The authors should not distort the contents or conclusion of the study by fixing the materials and methods and transformation and deletion of the data as the authors' like.
5. The authors should not use the others' ideas, contents, and conclusions without proper consent or citation.

The manuscript must be written in Korean or English within 20 sheets of A4 paper (210×297 mm) with a space of more than 25 mm from upper, lower, left and right margin. If the manuscript are written in English, authors (particularly non-native English speakers) who submit the original article or case report should check their manuscript by professional editing service prior to submission. Several commercial vendors provide such services, including American Journal Experts, Nature Publishing Group, etc. It will not be returned to the corresponding author because of incorrect formatting. The text of the manuscript, including tables and their footnotes and figure legends, must be double-spaced (160%) and in standard 10-point font on A4 size. Always submit your manuscript in the Hangul (*.hwp) or MS Word format (*.doc). The manuscript should have the following sequence: Title page, Abstract and Key words, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgment, References, Tables, Figure legends But each sequence may be integrated or omitted depending on the need of authors. Clinical trial, case report, and review article may have different sequence. All pages should be numbered consecutively starting with the title page. Academic terms should be written in primary language (Korean or English), except irreplaceable English or Chinese. Korean medical or Korean oriental medical terms should be selected from the most recent edition of English-Korean or Korean-English Medical Terminology published by Korean Medical Association or from the WHO international standard terminologies on traditional medicine in the western pacific region. Abbreviations should be used not in title and abstract, but in main text in standard abbreviations. When abbreviations used for the first time, they should be expressed full words and abbreviations in parentheses. Names of persons and places, and other proper nouns should be used in original language; the numbers in Arabic numerals; the weights and measures in the metric system; the temperatures in Celsius; the blood pressures in mmHg; Hematological or biochemical measurements in International System of Units. The space is needed between the numbers and the units of measurements. Drug names should be written in general name rather than brand name, except for the case that the expressions of brand name are important in evaluation of the result and follow-up study. The names of herbal prescription should be written in Korean pronunciation in first and in Chinese pronunciation by expressing uppercase only in first letter. The names of herb should be written in name, used parts, and process (e.g. Broiled root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCH). Distinction of article in Korean text should be used in Arabic numerals (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 1), 2), 3), (1), (2), (3), ①, ②, ③). Distinction of article in English text should be used in Roman numerals (e.g. Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, A, B, C, 1, 2, 3, a, b, c).

1. Title page

This should contain the title of the article, full names of authors, and institutional affiliation(s). The title should be concise and well delivering in Korean and in English typed in uppercase letters in first letter in each words, except preposition and article. All authors were written full name both in Korean and in English; the order of name is last name and first name. If several authors and institutions are listed, it should be made clear with which department and institution each author is affiliated. Only one author should be clearly designated as the corresponding author or first author. The first author have contributed the most in the study, and is placed in front of the other authors. The corresponding author is the one corresponding with the Editorial Board if there are questions or modifications about the paper. In a separate paragraph, an address for correspondence including the name of the corresponding author and his/her degree, address (institutional affiliation, city, zip code and country), telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address (if present) should be given. Information concerning sources of financial support should be given in a footnote. If the title has 30 letters in Korean or 15 words in English, the running title should be written in the end of title page. The running title, of 10 letters in Korean or 5 words in English or less, should not be a declarative or interrogative sentence.

2. Abstract and key words

The abstract should be concise (less than 250 words) and describe concisely the objectives, methods, important results, and derived conclusion of the study, in a structured format in English and in Korean (less than 400 letters) for correction of the English abstract. Abbreviations, if needed, should be kept to an absolute minimum, and given with proper identifications. Abstracts for case reports may deviate from this format, and provide within one paragraph the objectives, methods, important results, and derived conclusion of the study in an unstructured format, but carry the same word count restrictions. Below the abstract, authors should provide, and identify as such, up to 6 key words or short phrases that will assist indexers in cross-indexing the article and can be published with the abstract. Use terms from the medical subject headings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus; if suitable MeSH terms are not yet available for recently introduced terms, present terms may be used. Chinese pronunciations are written in parentheses side by side in terms of Korean herbal medicine prescriptions and acupuncture points.

1. Objectives: Why was this study conducted and what is the achieving purpose are described by 1~2 sentences simply and clearly. The written objectives should be consistent with the title of the manuscript and the contents expressed in introduction.
2. Methods: How and what were done in order to achieve written objectives are described concretely, such as which data was collected, how the data was analyzed, and how the bias was adjusted.
3. Results: The contents of how about the observations and analyzed results through described methods are written logically and are suggested by concrete data.
4. Conclusions: The conclusions derived from the results of the study are written by 1~2 sentences, and should be consistent with the written objective of the study.

3. Introduction

General enough references to the most pertinent papers, to inform readers; and others relevant findings are described here. It also includes objectives and backgrounds of the study, and the specific question driving the authors particular investigation.

4. Materials and methods

We endorse the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki and expect that all investigations involving human materials have been performed in accordance with these principles. For animal experimentation, the Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Animals, approved by the American Physiological Society, must have been observed. An explanation of the subjects and the experimental methods should be concise and sufficient for repetition by other qualified investigators. Procedures that have been published previously should not be described in detail; however, new or significant modifications of previously published procedures need full descriptions. The sources of special chemicals or preparations should be given (i.e., name of company, city and state, and country). Methods of statistical analyses and criteria of significance level should be described. In case reports, case histories, or case descriptions, replace the Materials and Methods section as well as the Results section. Also, authors should ensure correct use of the terms sex (when reporting biological factors) and gender (identity, psychosocial or cultural factors), and, unless inappropriate, report the sex and/or gender of study participants, the sex of animals or cells, and describe the methods used to determine sex and gender. If the study was done involving an exclusive population, for example in only one sex, authors should justify why, except in obvious cases, (e.g., prostate cancer).” Authors should define how they determined race or ethnicity and justify their relevance. Authors should use neutral, precise, and respectful language to describe study participants and avoid the use of terminology that might stigmatize participants.

5. Results

This part should be presented logically using text, tables, and illustrations. The results should be listed in the order of the tables and figures, and should be emphasized and summarized the important observations. Excessive textual repetition of table or figure contents should be avoided.

6. Discussion

The data should be interpreted concisely without repeating materials already presented in the Results section. The discussions are focused on the new and important results of the study. Reference review unrelated with the results should be avoided. Speculation is permitted, but it must be supported by the authors presented data and be well-founded.

7. Conclusion

The conclusion summarizes the objectives, results, and discussion of the study.

8. Acknowledgment

All persons who have made substantial contributions, but who are not eligible as authors, are named in the Acknowledgment section.

9. References

Reference citations in the text should be made with consecutive superscript numbers in parentheses (Vancouver style). In the Reference section, they should be listed in the order of citation within the text, together with the corresponding number. Abstracts should not be used for references. Style for papers in periodicals is: last name and initials of all authors, full title of article, journal name abbreviated in accordance with Index Medicus, year, volume, and first and last page numbers. Style for chapter of a book is: author and title of the chapter, editor of the book, title of the book, edition, volume, place, publisher, year, and first and last page numbers. Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of their references and correct text citations. Papers in press may be listed among the references with the journal name and tentative year of publication. Unpublished data or personal communications can be listed only with the author's written permission. Other types of references not described below should follow The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (Patrias K. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers [Internet]. 2nd ed. Wendling DL, technical editor. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007 [updated 2009 Jan 14; cited 2009 August 1]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine.

Examples of reference style:
1. Journal article Lee SH, Kim CY, Chang GT. Assessment of herbal treatment in appetite improvement of anorexia children using Korean Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (K-CEBQ). J Korean Orient Pediatr. 2012;25(1):60-9.
2. Book
   Volpe JJ. Neurology of the newborn. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1987:209-79.
   Colson JH, Armour WJ. Sports injuries and their treatment. 2nd rev. ed. London: S. Paul, 1986:155-6.
   Hong CE. Textbook of pediatrics, 9th ed. Seoul: Korea Textbook Publishing Co, 2008:290-5.
3. Book chapter
   Foster DW. Diabetes mellitus. In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, editors. Harrison's textbook of medicine. 14th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1998:2060-81. Pan ES, Cole FS, Weinttrub PS. Viral infections of the fetus and newborn. In: Taeusch HW, Ballard RA, Gleason CA, editors, Avery’s diseases of the newborn. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2005:495-529
4. Website
   International Committee of Medical Journal Editor. Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication [Internet]. International Committee of Medical Journal Editor; 1979 [Updated 2008 Oct; cited 2009 Nov 1]. Available from: http://www.icmje.org/ urm_main.html

10. Tables and figures

Tables and figures should be written in English, and not in abbreviations. Tables should be simple and not duplicate information found in figures. Title all tables and number them with Arabic numerals in their order of citation. The titles of tables were typed in uppercase letters in first letter in each words, except preposition and article. The titles of figures were typed in uppercase letter in first letter in first word only. Type each table on a separate sheet. Describe all abbreviations and explanations in footnote using *,＋,†,‡,§,?,¶,**,++,††,‡‡. Figures should be submitted separately from the text of manuscript. Clear, glossy prints are acceptable instead of original drawings, provided that all parts of the figures are in focus. X-ray films or Polaroid photographs are not acceptable. Except for especially complicated drawings that show large amounts of data, all figures are published at one page or one column width; when the figures are reduced to the size of a single column or of a single page width, the smallest parts of the figure must be legible. All photographs should be of excellent quality. Black and white images should be saved and supplied as JPEG or TIFF files, at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. Color photographs will be published if the editor decides it is absolutely necessary. The entire expense of reproducing color photographs will be charged to the author; current estimates for color reproduction can be obtained from the Editorial Office. The author is responsible for submitting prints that are of sufficient quality to permit accurate reproduction, and for approving the final color galley proof. All photographs should be correctly exposed and sharply focused. The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine assumes no responsibility for the quality of the photography as it appears in the Journal. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photographs should contrast with the background. A legend for each light microscopic photograph should include name of stain and magnification; electron microscopic photography should have an internal scale marker. All kinds of figures may be reduced, enlarged, or trimmed for publication by the editor. All the legends for figures should be double-spaced. Do not use a separate sheet for each legend. Figure legends should describe briefly the data shown, explain any abbreviations or reference points in the photograph. The numbers of tables and figures (including photographs) should be within 10.

Authors should submit manuscripts via the electronic manuscript management system (http://akop.jams.or.kr) for the Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine. Manuscripts should be submitted by the first author or the corresponding author, who should indicate the address and phone number for correspondence in the title page of the manuscript. If available, a fax number and e-mail address would be helpful. The revised manuscript should be submitted through the same web system under the same identification numbers.

1. To submit your manuscript, go to http://akop.jams.or.kr. Instructions for online submission are located on this website. This website is also linked to the homepage of the Association of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine (www.akop.or.kr) from the side button.
2. An editorial fee of 60,000 Korean Won must be wired to the bank account (Shinhanbank 110-292-466893) in the name of the corresponding author or first author.
3. Online submission process:
   
   • Choose online submission in the button at www.akop.or.kr
   • Log in (or click the “create account”option, if you are a firsttime user of http://akop.jams.or.kr). This account is different from the account at www.akop.or.kr
   • Click on the manuscript submission button on the right side ‘Quick Link’ bar.
   • Choose the appropriate format of your manuscript.
   • Please read the Declaration of Ethical Conductin Research and fill the name of a contributor and a co-author
   • Fill in the information of your manuscript and upload ‘checklist and statement of copyright transfer’, your manuscript, and Similarity test result (Please click on similarity test and upload your manuscript).
   • Fill in the information on all authors, along with relevant contact information.
   • The status of the manuscript may be viewed on the homepage.

The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine reviews all received materials. Manuscripts are sent to the three most relevant appointed investigators, for reviews of the contents. The author's name and affiliation is not disclosed during review process to reviewers. If two reviewers do not agree to accept the journal, it may not be also considered for publication. Usually the first review process ends within 15 days. The Editorial Board should notify the results of the review to the author. The Editorial Board selects referees results of the review will be classified as follows;

• Accepted: The manuscript will be forwarded to the publisher without further corrections.
• Revisions: The author should address the comments from the reviewers and make the appropriate corrections for review by the three reviewers. If the author do not agree with the comments, evidences and reasons in detail should be informed to the Editorial Board.
• Rejection: When two out of the three reviewers rejects the manuscript, the final decision is made by the editorial committee.

After corrections have been made, an accepted manuscript will be sent to the publisher for publishing. The proof may be revised more than once by the corresponding author, if needed. The author should double-check for corrections in the content, title, affiliation, capitalization, locations of figures, and references. Corresponding authors are responsible for further corrections made after publishing.

If the manuscript is accepted for publication, in addition to the charge of Korean Won 100,000 regardless of the number of pages. Republishing are available at any time after publication; however, reprints ordered after publication may be subject to increases in price.

If the manuscript is accepted for publication, in addition to the charge of Korean Won 100,000 regardless of the number of pages. Republishing are available at any time after publication; however, reprints ordered after publication may be subject to increases in price.

All authors are required to affirm the following statements prior to their manuscript being considered:

1. If the manuscript doesn't have a new result or conclusion, then it shouldn't have the same title as a previously published review article.
2. Once the case has been published in an original paper, it may not be reproduced as a case report. However, only in circumstances in which a novel diagnostic method, a novel therapeutic trial, or a previously unknown accompanying condition is found will the editorial board determine the possibility of acceptance.
3. Clinical trials on drugs with commercial implications will be reviewed by the proper subcommittee or subspecialty before being reviewed for publication.
4. Case reports of previously published cases will not be accepted. The editorial board will make an exception only if the case is very rare. The index of the the Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine should be reviewed before submission of case reports.
5. Rejected manuscripts may not be resubmitted except for revised manuscripts.
6. If the author does not address the comments made by the reviewer or if the manuscript does not follow the guidelines provided, it will be rejected.

Any inquiries about submission and editing of the manuscipt are asked to the Editorial Board. The Editorial Board may require revision in the format and amount of the manuscript. The decision on the editing of the journal is made by the Editorial Board. The manuscript may be revised for the consistency of the editorial word as far as the content is not affected. Every manuscript submitted is not returned.

The copyright and the transfer right of the digital content of the published paper and journal is owned by the Association of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine.